![]() ![]() World War II and the Japanese invasion on December 8, 1941, however, interrupted that plan. The US approved a ten-year transition plan in 1934 and drafted a new constitution in 1935. In 1916, the US passed the Jones Act which specified that independence would only be granted upon the formation of a stable democratic government modelled on the American model, not the French model as the previous constitution had been. After Spain ceded (or sold) the islands to the United States in the Treaty of Paris, the US immediately proceeded to brutally suppress the Philippine independence movement. In the Spanish-American War of 1898, the revolutionaries sided with the Americans, hoping that, with the defeat of Spain, independence would be granted by the US to the Philippines. What became known as the Malolos Congress was convened on Septemand the first Philippine Constitution, called the Malolos Constitution, was approved on January 20, 1899, ushering what is called the First Philippine Republic. A revolution was launched against Spain and the revolutionaries declared Philippine independence in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898. During the later part of more than 300 years of Spanish rule, nationalist sentiment began to grow among groups of Indios (which was how the Spanish referred to the Filipinos), fuelled in large measure by the writings of national hero Jose Rizal (later executed by the Spanish authorities) and other ilustrados (the Filipino intellegensia). The Spanish converted most of the population to Catholicism and the religion remains the dominant one in the country. The Philippines had long been used as a trading port in Asia, and this led to their colonization by the Spanish and later by the Americans. ![]()
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